Topic – 03 - Types of Communication

Communication is vital for the internal smooth, functioning of any organization. The communication between the different individuals working in a company or organization takes place through different channels. These channels can be both formal and informal.

In organization, communication can be characterized as below:

(1)  Downward Communication

(2)  Upward Communication

(3)  Lateral/Horizontal Communication

(4)  Diagonal/Cross wise Communication 

(1)  Downward Communication:

It is generally found in all organizations. As the main function of Downward communication is providing direction and it refers to communication from higher level to the lower level. A communication from General Manager of a company to the Branch Manager is an example of Downward Communication. Downward Communication takes place any forms-memos, notices, face-to-face interactions, telephonic conversations, voice mails, emails, etc.

(2)  Upward Communication:

The communication which starts from the bottom level to the top level is called Upward Communication. The worker conveys message to the production manager or director of the company is an example of Upward Communication. It provides valuable information on what the employees think of the organization and its policies. It gives an opportunity to the workers to say their problems and complaints. Upward Communication is also important for worker‘s suggestions for the welfare of an organization. It also provides a chance for workers to take part in decision making process which creates a healthy environment between the workers and management.

(3)  Lateral/Horizontal Communication:

The main objectives of Lateral Communication are developing teamwork and promoting group coordination in an organization. It takes place between professional peer group of people working on the same level of hierarchy. Such communication is often necessary to save time and bridge the communication gap among various departments. For example; in an academic organization, when two professors communicate with each other is called Lateral Communication because the professors have the equal status in the organization. This type of communication is very vital for the growth of an organization because it builds co-operation among various branches.

(4)  Diagonal/Cross wise Communication:

Diagonal Communication is the result of modern changes in information technology and management. It flows in all directions and doesn‘t use intermediate parts of the organization to send information. For example; when a Student communicates directly with the Principal is called Diagonal Communication. The increased use of e-mail also encourages diagonal communication. Any employee can communicate via e-mail with another employee without keep in mind the status of receiver.